What to Know About Electrical Panels
Selecting the right professionals to service the electrical panel is critical.
Electrical panels are crucial components in any home, ensuring electricity is safely distributed to various circuits. However, many homeowners may need help understanding what an electrical panel does or how to maintain it. Helping homeowners understand their electrical panel is essential for safety and efficiency.
Understanding an electrical panel
A home's electrical panel, also called a breaker box or distribution board, is the heart of the electrical system. It's where the main power line from the utility company enters the home and is divided into subsidiary circuits that distribute power throughout the home. This panel is typically in a gray box and located in a basement, garage, or utility area.
The anatomy of an electrical panel
All homeowners should be familiar with the main components of an electrical panel. First, the main breaker is the large switch that controls the entire panel. It can shut off power to the entire house in an emergency. Next, the circuit breakers lead to different areas or appliances in the home. They trip and cut off power when a circuit is overloaded, preventing potential hazards. The bus bars are metallic strips behind the circuit breakers. These bars conduct electricity from the main breaker to the individual breakers. The neutral bar connects the white neutral wires, which complete the circuit by returning current to the panel. Finally, the grounding bar is connected to the ground wire, which provides a safe path for electricity in case of a fault.
Types of electrical panels
There are three common types of electrical panels. A main breaker panel is the most common type, allowing the main breaker to shut off power to the entire house. A main lug panel connects directly to the meter without a main breaker. Instead, they have lugs that are hardwired to the incoming service cables. Lastly, a sub-panel is a secondary panel fed from the main panel and used to distribute power, such as for a workshop or garage.
Electrical panel safety
Safety must always be prioritized when dealing with electricity. Be sure the area around the panel is easily accessible and clear of obstructions, and never touch the panel with wet hands or while standing in water. Additionally, label each circuit breaker with the correct area of the house it controls for clarity. Finally, have a flashlight handy if the panel needs to be accessed in the dark.
Maintaining an electrical panel
Regular maintenance can prevent electrical hazards. Inspect the panel periodically for signs of wear, such as rust or burn marks. Test the circuit breakers annually to ensure they are functioning properly. Switch them off and back on to ensure they haven't seized. Finally, consider having a professional electrical inspection, especially if the home is over 25 years old or was recently purchased.
When to upgrade or replace an electrical panel
There are various signs that an electrical panel needs to be upgraded or replaced, such as frequent tripping breakers, rust on the panel, an inability to hold more circuits, or adding high-powered appliances. Upgrades are essential to accommodate new electrical demands and to maintain safety standards.
Choosing an electrical panel service provider
Selecting the right professionals to service the electrical panel is critical. Professional services offer the expertise and experience homeowners need for peace of mind. Look for licensed, insured electricians who provide transparent quotes and have a track record of reliable service.
Understanding a home's electrical panel is key to ensuring electrical safety and efficiency. Regular maintenance, proper labeling, and knowing when to call professionals contribute to the home's well-being. If in doubt, always reach out to licensed professionals to handle electrical matters. Remember, regarding electricity, safety is not just a suggestion—it's a necessity.